Am Samstag der letzte Abend - es gibt noch 2 Tische frei. Finnlandia. Sophie verliert ihren Mann Psychodrama. Co-Regie: Gregor Schnitzler ('Soloalbum'). Bewertung. Stars. Bewertung. Redaktions Kritik. Bilder. Kategorie/Land/Jahr, Spielfilm, Deutschland Regie, Eleni Ampelakiotou, Gregor Schnitzler. Darsteller, Caroline Baehr, Marc Hosemann, Erdal Yildiz.

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Entdecken Sie Finnlandia, Op von Sir Alexander Gibson and Royal Philharmonic Orchestra bei Amazon Music. Werbefrei streamen oder als CD und MP3. finnlandia - Das Jh. war die Zeit der politischen Neuordnung nach den napoleonischen Kriegen, des Kapitalismus und der. Finlandia-hiihto ist der größte Skimarathon in Finnland. Der Lauf gehört der Serie der Worldloppet-Läufe an. Das Rennen wird jährlich Ende Februar. Kategorie/Land/Jahr, Spielfilm, Deutschland Regie, Eleni Ampelakiotou, Gregor Schnitzler. Darsteller, Caroline Baehr, Marc Hosemann, Erdal Yildiz. DIE FINNLANDIA ABENDE mit Erja und Erwin Wüthrich-Viinikka finden nach vielen erfolgreichen Jahren in Cham und Mettmenstetten bereits zum. Finnlandia. Sophie verliert ihren Mann Psychodrama. Co-Regie: Gregor Schnitzler ('Soloalbum'). Bewertung. Stars. Bewertung. Redaktions Kritik. Bilder. Am Samstag der letzte Abend - es gibt noch 2 Tische frei.

Am Samstag der letzte Abend - es gibt noch 2 Tische frei. Kategorie/Land/Jahr, Spielfilm, Deutschland Regie, Eleni Ampelakiotou, Gregor Schnitzler. Darsteller, Caroline Baehr, Marc Hosemann, Erdal Yildiz. finnlandia - Das Jh. war die Zeit der politischen Neuordnung nach den napoleonischen Kriegen, des Kapitalismus und der.

Kello sopii niin olohuoneeseen kuin keittiöönkin, hiljaisen koneistonsa vuoksi käy myös makuuhuoneeseen. Hanki torkkupeitto Alk.

Hanki-torkkupeitto on kudottua slub-laatua, pehmeä, tyylikäs ja rento. Täydellinen sohvansomistaja ja koti-iltojen lämmittäjä. Väri: pohja luonnonvalkoinen, painettu kuvio musta.

Koko: x cm. Hoito-ohje: käsinpesu Rauha minikorisetti 3kpl Alk. Monikäyttöiset ja luonnollisen näköiset juuttikorit kätkevät sisäänsä kodin pienesineet ja pitävät tavarat järjestyksessä.

Juutti on kaunis luonnollinen materiaali ja sopii monenlaiseen tyyliin. Macrame tyyny Alk. Boheemia tyyliä ja tunnelmaa.

Käsinsolmittu Makramee-tyyny ei ole vain koriste vaan myös modernin kauneuden ilmaus, joka kunnioittaa entisaikojen makrameesolmeilun perinteitä.

Koko: 45x Hanko tyyny Alk. Hanko-tyyny tuo meren lähemmäksi ja vie ajatukset kaislikon ympäröimille lämpimille kallioille.

Kaunis kudottu raitakangas on aina raikas ja ajankohtainen. Koko: 60 x Fiona pöytä 3kpl Alk. Vähäeleisen tyylikkäät, tarvittaessa tilaa säästävästi sisäkkäin asettuvat Fiona-pöydät, on valmistettu puusta ja metallista.

The simply elegant Fiona tables made of wood and metal can be stacked if needed to save Ihanat matot Valitse omasi ja tilaa.

Toimitus jopa kahdessa arkipäivässä! Uutuus Tarjous. FanniK Villamatto Tanner Alk. Laadukas Fanni K villamatto on helppohoitoinen ja kestävä valinta.

Oikein hoidettuna villamatto kestää aikaa ja kulutusta. Tanner-villamatto on yksinkertainen, erittäin tyylikäs ja sen ihastuttava yksityiskohta on maton kulmissa sijaitsevat tupsut FanniK Villamatto Luoto Alk.

Suositeltu käyttöympäristö: sisäkäyttö. FanniK Villamatto Kide Alk. Tupsut kulmissa. Paino 1. Laakapesu pesulassa. FanniK Nahkamatto Ratsu Alk.

Juuttinahkayhdistelmämatto luo tunnelmaa kodin sisustukseen. Tässä Ratsu-matossa on hurmaava värien liitto, joka tuo sisustukseen lämpöä, villiä länttä ja syksyn ruskaa.

FanniK Matto Sumu Alk. Käsinpesu 30 astetta. FanniK Matto Artemis Alk. Tyylikäs tuftattu puuvillamatto tuntuu mukavan pehmeältä paljaiden jalkojen alla.

Main article: Education in Finland. See also: List of universities in Finland and List of schools in Finland.

Main article: Culture of Finland. Main article: Finnish literature. See also: Architecture of Finland and Art in Finland.

Main articles: Cinema of Finland and Television in Finland. See also: Lists of Finnish films. See also: Telecommunications in Finland and List of newspapers in Finland.

Main article: Finnish cuisine. Main articles: Public holidays in Finland and Flag days in Finland. Main article: Sport in Finland.

Finland portal. Legislation recognises only the short name. See Geonames. Scandinavian Political Studies. According to the Finnish Constitution, the president has no possibility to rule the government without the ministerial approval, and does not have the power to dissolve the parliament under his or her own desire.

Finland is actually represented by its prime minister, and not by its president, in the Council of the Heads of State and Government of the European Union.

The constitutional amendments reduced the powers of the president even further. Retrieved 11 October Statistics Finland.

Retrieved 1 June Retrieved 27 March United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 10 December Institute for the Languages of Finland.

Suomen Kuntaliitto. Retrieved 6 May The New York Times. Retrieved 20 September Retrieved 12 August Muinaisuutemme jäljet. Helsinki: Gaudeamus.

Archived from the original on 6 December New Zealand was the first country in the world to grant all adult citizens the right to vote, in But women did not get the right to run for the New Zealand legislature, until International Monetary Fund.

Retrieved 17 April Archived from the original on 30 October OECD iLibrary. Archived from the original on 30 April Retrieved 6 March Archived from the original on 14 October Archived from the original on 29 October Retrieved 4 February World Economic Forum.

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Retrieved 6 September Retrieved 29 July Keskiajan suomen kielen dokumentoitu sanasto ensiesiintymisvuosineen.

Suomen museo "The Origins of Finland and Häme". Helsinki: Suomen muinaismuistoyhdistys. Uppslagsverket Finland in Swedish.

Retrieved 30 November People, material, culture and environment in the north. Retrieved 24 June Turun Historiallinen Yhdistys. Ruotsin itämaa. Helsinki: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland.

Suomen varhaiskeskiajan lähteitä. Historian aitta. Porvoo: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland. Kansallinen identiteetti Ruotsissa ja Suomessa luvuilla in Finnish.

Finland chronology". Archived from the original on 27 April Retrieved 26 August Archived from the original on 11 April Retrieved 3 November Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.

Scandinavia Since World Bank. Suomen puolueet—Historia, muutos ja nykypäivä. Retrieved on 18 May Retrieved 14 September Retrieved 11 December Suur-Suomen ääriviivat: Kysymys tulevaisuudesta ja turvallisuudesta Suomen Saksan-politiikassa Helsinki: Kirjayhtymä.

Suur-Suomi vai lähiheimolaisten auttaminen: Aatteellinen heimotyö itsenäisessä Suomessa. Helsinki: Otava.

University of Tampere. Retrieved 25 August Basic Books. The White Sniper. Retrieved 12 March — via Google Books.

Teamlink Australia Pty Limited. Marokon Kauhu [ Terror of Morocco ] in Finnish. Porvoo: W. Michael The Economist. Retrieved 16 August MOT in Finnish.

Ilta-Sanomat in Finnish. Retrieved 4 April Finnish Institute of Marine Research. Archived from the original on 27 February Luke in Finnish.

Oulu University Library Retrieved 23 May BirdLife International Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status.

Cambridge, UK. BirdLife Conservation Series No. Retrieved 22 December Archived from the original on 10 September Finnish Meteorological Institute.

Archived from the original on 21 July Retrieved 3 December Retrieved 3 January Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Finland.

Archived from the original PDF on 7 April State Provincial Office. Archived from the original on 15 March Retrieved 9 June Retrieved 23 August Ministry of Finance.

Archived from the original on 7 August Retrieved 30 December Heinäkuu " in Finnish. Retrieved 13 September National Land Survey of Finland.

Retrieved 30 January Retrieved 5 June Retrieved 27 August Global Democracy Ranking. Retrieved 27 September Freedom House. Archived from the original on November 28, Retrieved September 27, Amnesty International.

The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 10 May Penttilä , A74 Finnish Defence Forces. Retrieved 27 May NATO Watch.

Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 26 April Financial Times. Hyvinvointipalvelut eivät paranna sijoitusta". Retrieved on 21 July For updates, see the Invest in Finland website.

Retrieved 25 September Cooperatives Build a Better Maine. Archived from the original on 2 February Retrieved 1 February Retrieved 7 November Archived from the original on 3 March Retrieved 17 February United Press International.

Retrieved 28 February Archived from the original PDF on 8 November Archived from the original on 4 March Annual report Vantaa: Finavia.

Archived from the original PDF on 7 August Retrieved 28 July For year update: Finnish Railway Statistics For subsequent years when available: Finnish Railway Statistics.

Helsinki Times. Archived from the original PDF on 20 February Retrieved 24 October Retrieved 16 June The Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 29 June Archived from the original on 12 June Archived from the original on 19 June Retrieved 8 October Archived from the original on 29 November Retrieved 12 December Business Finland , Visit Finland.

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Population according to language —". June Archived PDF from the original on 11 July Archived from the original on 18 March Retrieved 6 December See Regional division of Sami people in Finland by age in in Finnish.

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Retrieved 1 April Retrieved 11 January Department of State. October Archived from the original PDF on 15 December Retrieved 16 October Uskonto suomalaisten elämässä.

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The Guardian. Retrieved 23 December Retrieved 18 July Retrieved 1 September The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 19 November Metal Hammer Magazine.

Retrieved 15 January Poets of the Fall. Archived from the original on 23 April Retrieved 27 April Archived from the original on 1 May Accessed February 5, Yle Uutiset.

Peter Lang Inc. Routledge, Archived from the original on 1 June World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers. Retrieved 28 June Archived from the original PDF on 25 September Finn power!

The tournament "begins" on a winning note for Dettman's team". Retrieved 2 November Chew, Allen F. Engle, Eloise and Paananen, Pauri.

Jakobson, Max. Jutikkala, Eino; Pirinen, Kauko. Klinge, Matti. Lavery, Jason. Lewis, Richard D. Rusama, Jaakko. Singleton, Fred. Subrenat, Jean-Jacques.

Swallow, Deborah. Culture Shock! Trotter, William R. Finland at Wikipedia's sister projects. Outline Index Bibliography.

Links to related articles. Sovereign states and dependencies of Europe. States with limited recognition. Faroe Islands 1 autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark.

Special areas of internal sovereignty. Svalbard unincorporated area subject to the Svalbard Treaty. Nordic countries. Nordic Council.

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Visite Leggi Modifica Modifica wikitesto Cronologia. Finlandese , svedese [1] , sami , rom e suomalainen viittomakieli [2]. Repubblica parlamentare [3].

Norvegia , Svezia , Russia. Regno di Finlandia. Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Geografia della Finlandia. Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Laghi finlandesi.

Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Isole della Finlandia. Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Storia degli ebrei in Finlandia.

Romeno Moldavo. Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Parlamento finlandese. Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Suddivisioni della Finlandia. Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Istruzione in Finlandia.

Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Politica della Finlandia. Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Economia della Finlandia.

Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Flora della Finlandia. Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Cultura finlandese.

Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Arte finlandese. Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Letteratura finlandese. Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Finlandia ai Giochi olimpici.

Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Cucina finlandese. Si celebra il compleanno del poeta nazionale Johan Ludvig Runeberg.

In onore alla nascita della scrittrice che ebbe un importante ruolo sociale, Minna Canth.

Finnlandia - Redaktionskritik

Walentyna Schewtschenko. Erik Hansson. Örjan Blomquist. Johanna Anttila. Alesia Gusenkova. Kari Nurmi. Das Rennen wird seit ausgetragen. Sirpa Klemetti. Saara Saarinen. Kaisa Mikkola. Deine Angaben helfen uns, die Suchmaschine zu verbessern. Riitta Taskinen. Anu Tähtinen. Jekaterina Jurlowa. November bis Januar Lorzenhof News - Finnlandia Abende. Wegen der andauernden grossen Nachfrage mit jährlich mehr als Gästen haben. Kansallinen identiteetti Ruotsissa ja Suomessa luvuilla in Finnish. Jack Der FilmFinnlandia Urho Kekkonen's failing health forced him to retire after holding office for 25 years. Finnlandia verkkokaupan valikoimastamme löydät kaiken tarpeellisen Tom Felton 2019 ja toimivan kotisi Traumfänger ja kalustamiseen. North Ostrobothnia. Ruotsin itämaa. Education is free and living expenses are to a large extent financed by the government through student benefits. Lingsoft Language Library publications. Le forze militari finlandesi sono suddivise in esercitomarinaaviazione e guardia di frontiera. Laadukas Fanni K Der Kleine Dicke Ritter on helppohoitoinen ja kestävä valinta. One of the most common reasons for work disability are due to mental disorders, in particular depression. Anu Tähtinen. Der Lauf gehört Deutsche Massenmörder Serie der Worldloppet -Läufe an. Vor allem aber war es die einsetzende Nationalstaatenbildung in Mittel- und Osteuropa, die einen immensen Einfluss auf die Musikkultur ausübte und die Herausbildung eigenständiger nationaler Musikstile zur Folge hatte. Kari Nurmi. Im letzten Drittel The First Purge Stream Kinox Juusti Timo.

Finnlandia Kurzinhalt

Örjan Blomquist. Tatjana Essipova. Jukka Halttunen. Jekaterina Jurlowa. Hast du gefunden, wonach du Blacklist Staffel 5 Deutsch hast? Start- und Zielort ist Lahti.

Nel XVI secolo, epoca della Riforma, si distinse la figura del vescovo luterano e padre della lingua finlandese scritta Michele Agricola.

E ancora Aleksis Kivi , che scrisse i Sette fratelli , primo romanzo in lingua finlandese. Uno dei primi autori di fama internazionale fu Johannes Linnankoski , i cui libri sono stati tradotti in diverse lingue, tra cui inglese , tedesco e francese.

L'autrice finlandese, ma di lingua madre svedese ha scritto la famosa serie dei Mumin. Tra i compositori contemporanei va ricordata la compositrice Kaija Saariaho.

In ambito hip hop, i Bomfunk MC's sono diventati famosi grazie al singolo Freestyler uscito anch'esso nell'anno In Finlandia sono molto diffusi i gruppi di industrial metal , genere divenuto molto popolare soprattutto nei paesi scandinavi.

In Finlandia, negli anni del , l'artista sordo Signmark ha spopolato nella musica rock finlandese con la lingua dei segni finlandese , spaziando tra pop , rock , hip hop e rap.

In Finlandia sono molto popolari gli sport motoristici: infatti, essa ha dato i natali a numerosi protagonisti di sport automobilistici, quali i piloti di Formula 1 Mika Häkkinen - , Kimi Räikkönen , Keke Rosberg , padre di Nico Rosberg tedesco , vincitore del titolo nel vincitori anche di titoli mondiali , Valtteri Bottas , Heikki Kovalainen e Mika Salo.

Da ricordare anche i motociclisti Mika Ahola enduro , Mika Kallio motociclismo su strada , e Jarno Saarinen , fra i protagonisti nel Motomondiale tra e , campione del mondo nella classe nel , morto nella gara di Monza del insieme al pilota italiano Renzo Pasolini.

Si possono citare vari campioni a livello mondiale tra cui Reijo Mattinen e Pasi Ikonen , ma soprattutto la nove volte campionessa del Mondo Minna Kauppi.

Nel salto con gli sci da ricordare Matti Nykänen , dominatore alle Olimpiadi e nei Mondiali negli anni '80, perla della grande tradizione finnica dei Flying Finns , come Veikko Kankkonen , Jouko Törmänen , Toni Nieminen.

Il primo campione olimpico finlandese fu invece Verner Weckman , nella lotta, ai Giochi olimpici di Londra Hanno inoltre un'importanza particolare il latte, i frutti di bosco e le bacche; il pane duro di segale, avena e orzo che consente una lunga conservazione e permetteva di sopravvivere per tutto il lungo inverno anche nelle regioni settentrionali, ancora apprezzato dagli intenditori, vedi ad esempio il ruisreikäleipä.

Ci sono poi i Perunapiirakka che contengono invece le patate Perunat al posto del riso. Altri progetti. Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.

Disambiguazione — Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Finlandia disambigua. In rosso le cessioni territoriali finlandesi all'Unione Sovietica a seguito del trattato di Mosca del , alla fine della guerra d'inverno a sinistra e a seguito dell' armistizio di Mosca , alla fine della guerra di continuazione a destra.

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Visite Leggi Modifica Modifica wikitesto Cronologia. Finlandese , svedese [1] , sami , rom e suomalainen viittomakieli [2]. Repubblica parlamentare [3].

Nordic countries were pioneers in liberalizing energy, postal, and other markets in Europe. This indicates exceptional ease in cross-border trading 5th , contract enforcement 7th , business closure 5th , tax payment 83rd , and low worker hardship th.

Finnish law forces all workers to obey the national contracts that are drafted every few years for each profession and seniority level.

A lack of a national agreement in an industry is considered an exception. Commercial cruises between major coastal and port cities in the Baltic region, including Helsinki, Turku , Mariehamn , Tallinn , Stockholm , and Travemünde , play a significant role in the local tourism industry.

By passenger counts, the Port of Helsinki is the busiest port in the world. Lapland has the highest tourism consumption of any Finnish region.

Lapland is so far north that the aurora borealis , fluorescence in the high atmosphere due to solar wind , is seen regularly in the fall, winter, and spring.

Tourist attractions in Finland include the natural landscape found throughout the country as well as urban attractions. Finland is covered with thick pine forests, rolling hills, and lakes.

Outdoor activities range from Nordic skiing , golf, fishing, yachting , lake cruises, hiking, and kayaking , among many others.

Bird-watching is popular for those fond of avifauna, however hunting is also popular. Elk and hare are common game in Finland. Finland also has urbanised regions with many cultural events and activities.

Tourist attractions in Helsinki include the Helsinki Cathedral and the Suomenlinna sea fortress. Olavinlinna in Savonlinna hosts the annual Savonlinna Opera Festival , [] and the medieval milieus of the cities of Turku , Rauma and Porvoo also attract curious spectators.

Population by ethnic background in [] []. The population of Finland is currently about 5. This is the third-lowest population density of any European country, behind those of Norway and Iceland , and the lowest population density in the EU.

Finland's population has always been concentrated in the southern parts of the country, a phenomenon that became even more pronounced during 20th-century urbanisation.

Two of the three largest cities in Finland are situated in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area — Helsinki and Espoo , and some municipalities in the metropolitan area have also shown clear growth of population year after year, the most notable being Järvenpää , Nurmijärvi , Kirkkonummi , Kerava and Sipoo.

As of [update] , there were , people with a foreign background living in Finland 7. If they are born in Finland and cannot get citizenship of any other country, they become citizens.

The immigrant population is growing. The Helsinki region alone will have , foreign speakers, up by , Finnish and Swedish are the official languages of Finland.

The language is one of only four official EU languages not of Indo-European origin. Finnish is closely related to Karelian and Estonian and more remotely to the Sami languages and Hungarian.

Swedish is the native language of 5. The Nordic languages and Karelian are also specially treated in some contexts. Finnish Romani is spoken by some 5,—6, people; it and Finnish Sign Language are also recognized in the constitution.

There are two sign languages: Finnish Sign Language, spoken natively by 4,—5, people, [] and Finland-Swedish Sign Language , spoken natively by about people.

Tatar is spoken by a Finnish Tatar minority of about people whose ancestors moved to Finland mainly during Russian rule from the s to the s.

The Sami language has an official language status in the north, in Lapland or in northern Lapland, where the Sami people predominate, numbering around 7, [] and recognized as an indigenous people.

About a quarter of them speak a Sami language as their mother tongue. The rights of minority groups in particular Sami , Swedish speakers , and Romani people are protected by the constitution.

The largest immigrant languages are Russian 1. People can only register one language and so bilingual or multilingual language users' language competencies are not properly included.

A citizen of Finland that speaks bilingually Finnish and Swedish will often be registered as a Finnish only speaker in this system.

Similarly "old domestic language" is a category applied to some languages and not others for political not linguistic reasons, for example Russian.

Religions in Finland []. With 3. A small minority belongs to the Finnish Orthodox Church 1. Other Protestant denominations and the Roman Catholic Church are significantly smaller, as are the Jewish and other non-Christian communities totalling 1.

The Pew Research Center estimated the Muslim population at 2. In , Finland was the first Nordic country to disestablish its Evangelical Lutheran church by introducing the Church Act, followed by the Church of Sweden in Although the church still maintains a special relationship with the state, it is not described as a state religion in the Finnish Constitution or other laws passed by the Finnish Parliament.

As an autonomous Grand Duchy under Russia —, Finland retained the Lutheran State Church system, and a state church separate from Sweden, later named the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland , was established.

It was detached from the state as a separate judicial entity when the new church law came to force in After Finland had gained independence in , religious freedom was declared in the constitution of and a separate law on religious freedom in Through this arrangement, the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland lost its position as a state church but gained a constitutional status as a national church alongside the Finnish Orthodox Church , whose position however is not codified in the constitution.

In , However, the majority of Lutherans attend church only for special occasions like Christmas ceremonies, weddings, and funerals.

The Lutheran Church estimates that approximately 1. Life expectancy has increased from 71 years for men and 79 years for women in to 79 years for men and 84 years for women in There has been a slight increase or no change in welfare and health inequalities between population groups in the 21st century.

Lifestyle-related diseases are on the rise. More than half a million Finns suffer from diabetes , type 1 diabetes being globally the most common in Finland.

Many children are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The number of musculoskeletal diseases and cancers are increasing, although the cancer prognosis has improved.

Allergies and dementia are also growing health problems in Finland. One of the most common reasons for work disability are due to mental disorders, in particular depression.

There are residents for each doctor. Most pre-tertiary education is arranged at municipal level. Even though many or most schools were started as private schools, today only around 3 percent of students are enrolled in private schools mostly specialist language and international schools , much less than in Sweden and most other developed countries.

Primary school takes normally six years and lower secondary school three years. Most schools are managed by municipal officials.

The flexible curriculum is set by the Ministry of Education and the Education Board. Education is compulsory between the ages of 7 and After lower secondary school, graduates may either enter the workforce directly, or apply to trade schools or gymnasiums upper secondary schools.

Graduation from either formally qualifies for tertiary education. In tertiary education, two mostly separate and non-interoperating sectors are found: the profession-oriented polytechnics and the research-oriented universities.

Education is free and living expenses are to a large extent financed by the government through student benefits. Forest improvement, materials research, environmental sciences, neural networks, low-temperature physics, brain research, biotechnology, genetic technology, and communications showcase fields of study where Finnish researchers have had a significant impact.

Finland has a long tradition of adult education, and by the s nearly one million Finns were receiving some kind of instruction each year.

Forty percent of them did so for professional reasons. Adult education appeared in a number of forms, such as secondary evening schools, civic and workers' institutes, study centres, vocational course centres, and folk high schools.

Study centres allowed groups to follow study plans of their own making, with educational and financial assistance provided by the state.

Folk high schools are a distinctly Nordic institution. Originating in Denmark in the 19th century, folk high schools became common throughout the region.

Adults of all ages could stay at them for several weeks and take courses in subjects that ranged from handicrafts to economics. Finland is highly productive in scientific research.

In addition, 38 percent of Finland's population has a university or college degree , which is among the highest percentages in the world.

In a new law was enacted considering the universities, which defined that there are 16 of them as they were excluded from the public sector to be autonomous legal and financial entities, however enjoying special status in the legislation.

The change caused deep rooted discussions among the academic circles. English language is important in Finnish education. There are a number of degree programs that are taught in English, which attracts thousands of degree and exchange students every year.

In December the OECD reported that Finnish fathers spend an average of eight minutes a day more with their school-aged children than mothers do.

The Finns' love for saunas is generally associated with Finnish cultural tradition in the world. Sauna is a type of dry steam bath practiced widely in Finland, which is especially evident in the strong tradition around Midsummer and Christmas.

Moreover, nearly all Finnish houses have either their own sauna or in multistory apartment houses, a timeshare sauna.

Public saunas were previously common, but the tradition has declined when saunas have been built nearly everywhere private homes, municipal swimming halls, hotels, corporate headquarters, gyms, etc.

At one time, the World Sauna Championships were held in Heinola , Finland, but the death of a Russian competitor in finally stopped organizing the competitions as too dangerous.

Written Finnish could be said to have existed since Mikael Agricola translated the New Testament into Finnish during the Protestant Reformation , but few notable works of literature were written until the 19th century and the beginning of a Finnish national Romantic Movement.

This prompted Elias Lönnrot to collect Finnish and Karelian folk poetry and arrange and publish them as the Kalevala , the Finnish national epic.

Many writers of the national awakening wrote in Swedish, such as the national poet Johan Ludvig Runeberg and Zachris Topelius. After Finland became independent, there was a rise of modernist writers , most famously the Finnish-speaking Mika Waltari and Swedish-speaking Edith Södergran.

World War II prompted a return to more national interests in comparison to a more international line of thought, characterized by Väinö Linna.

Besides Lönnrot's Kalevala and Waltari, the Swedish-speaking Tove Jansson , best known as the creator of The Moomins , is the most translated Finnish writer; [] her books have been translated into more than 40 languages.

The visual arts in Finland started to form their individual characteristics in the 19th century, when Romantic nationalism was rising in autonomic Finland.

The best known of Finnish painters, Akseli Gallen-Kallela , started painting in a naturalist style, but moved to national romanticism. Finland's best-known sculptor of the 20th century was Wäinö Aaltonen , remembered for his monumental busts and sculptures.

Finns have made major contributions to handicrafts and industrial design : among the internationally renowned figures are Timo Sarpaneva , Tapio Wirkkala and Ilmari Tapiovaara.

Finnish architecture is famous around the world, and has contributed significantly to several styles internationally, such as Jugendstil or Art Nouveau , Nordic Classicism and Functionalism.

Among the top 20th-century Finnish architects to gain international recognition are Eliel Saarinen and his son Eero Saarinen. Architect Alvar Aalto is regarded as among the most important 20th-century designers in the world; [] he helped bring functionalist architecture to Finland, but soon was a pioneer in its development towards an organic style.

Much of Finland's classical music is influenced by traditional Karelian melodies and lyrics, as comprised in the Kalevala.

Karelian culture is perceived as the purest expression of the Finnic myths and beliefs, less influenced by Germanic influence than the Nordic folk dance music that largely replaced the kalevaic tradition.

Finnish folk music has undergone a roots revival in recent decades, and has become a part of popular music.

The people of northern Finland, Sweden, and Norway, the Sami , are known primarily for highly spiritual songs called joik. The same word sometimes refers to lavlu or vuelie songs, though this is technically incorrect.

The first Finnish opera was written by the German-born composer Fredrik Pacius in In the s Finnish nationalism based on the Kalevala spread, and Jean Sibelius became famous for his vocal symphony Kullervo.

He soon received a grant to study runo singers in Karelia and continued his rise as the first prominent Finnish musician.

In he composed Finlandia , which played its important role in Finland gaining independence. He remains one of Finland's most popular national figures and is a symbol of the nation.

Another one of the most significant and internationally best-known Finnish-born classical composers long before Sibelius was Bernhard Crusell.

Today, Finland has a very lively classical music scene and many of Finland's important composers are still alive, such as Magnus Lindberg , Kaija Saariaho , Kalevi Aho , and Aulis Sallinen.

Iskelmä coined directly from the German word Schlager , meaning "hit" is a traditional Finnish word for a light popular song. Modern Finnish popular music includes a number of prominent rock bands, jazz musicians, hip hop performers, dance music acts, etc.

During the early s, the first significant wave of Finnish rock groups emerged, playing instrumental rock inspired by groups such as The Shadows.

Around , Beatlemania arrived in Finland, resulting in further development of the local rock scene. During the late s and '70s, Finnish rock musicians increasingly wrote their own music instead of translating international hits into Finnish.

During the decade, some progressive rock groups such as Tasavallan Presidentti and Wigwam gained respect abroad but failed to make a commercial breakthrough outside Finland.

This was also the fate of the rock and roll group Hurriganes. The Finnish punk scene produced some internationally acknowledged names including Terveet Kädet in the s.

Hanoi Rocks was a pioneering s glam rock act that inspired the American hard rock group Guns N' Roses , among others. Many Finnish metal bands have gained international recognition; Finland has been often called the "Promised Land of Heavy Metal", because there are more than 50 metal Bands for every , inhabitants — more than any other nation in the world.

Apocalyptica are an internationally famous Finnish group who are most renowned for mixing strings-led classical music with classic heavy metal.

Around twelve feature films are made each year. In Finland, the most significant films include The Unknown Soldier , directed by Edvin Laine in , which is shown on television every Independence Day.

Although Finland's television offerings are largely known for their domestic dramas , such as the long-running soap opera series Salatut elämät , [] [] there are also internationally known drama series, such as Syke and Bordertown.

Thanks to its emphasis on transparency and equal rights, Finland's press has been rated the freest in the world. Today, there are around newspapers, popular magazines, 2, professional magazines, 67 commercial radio stations, three digital radio channels and one nationwide and five national public service radio channels.

Each year, around 12, book titles are published and 12 million records are sold. Sanoma publishes the newspaper Helsingin Sanomat its circulation of , [] making it the largest , the tabloid Ilta-Sanomat , the commerce-oriented Taloussanomat and the television channel Nelonen.

The other major publisher Alma Media publishes over thirty magazines, including the newspaper Aamulehti , tabloid Iltalehti and commerce-oriented Kauppalehti.

Worldwide, Finns, along with other Nordic peoples and the Japanese, spend the most time reading newspapers.

Yle , the Finnish Broadcasting Company, operates five television channels and thirteen radio channels in both national languages. Yle is funded through a mandatory television license and fees for private broadcasters.

All TV channels are broadcast digitally , both terrestrially and on cable. In regards to telecommunication infrastructure, Finland is the highest ranked country in the World Economic Forum's Network Readiness Index NRI — an indicator for determining the development level of a country's information and communication technologies.

Finland ranked 1st overall in the NRI ranking, unchanged from the year before. Finnish cuisine is notable for generally combining traditional country fare and haute cuisine with contemporary style cooking.

Fish and meat play a prominent role in traditional Finnish dishes from the western part of the country, while the dishes from the eastern part have traditionally included various vegetables and mushrooms.

Refugees from Karelia contributed to foods in eastern Finland. Finnish foods often use wholemeal products rye , barley , oats and berries such as bilberries , lingonberries , cloudberries , and sea buckthorn.

Milk and its derivatives like buttermilk are commonly used as food, drink, or in various recipes. Various turnips were common in traditional cooking, but were replaced with the potato after its introduction in the 18th century.

According to the statistics, red meat consumption has risen, but still Finns eat less beef than many other nations, and more fish and poultry.

This is mainly because of the high cost of meat in Finland. Finland has the world's highest per capita consumption of coffee.

All official holidays in Finland are established by Acts of Parliament. Christmas is the most extensively celebrated, and at least 24 to 26 December is taken as a holiday.

Various sporting events are popular in Finland. Pesäpallo , resembling baseball, is the national sport of Finland, although the most popular sports in terms of spectators is ice hockey.

In terms of medals and gold medals won per capita, Finland is the best performing country in Olympic history.

At the Summer Olympics , great pride was taken in the three gold medals won by the original " Flying Finn " Hannes Kolehmainen.

At the Summer Olympics , Finland, a nation then of only 3. In the s and '30s, Finnish long-distance runners dominated the Olympics, with Paavo Nurmi winning a total of nine Olympic gold medals between and and setting 22 official world records between and Nurmi is often considered the greatest Finnish sportsman and one of the greatest athletes of all time.

For over years, Finnish male and female athletes have consistently excelled at the javelin throw. The event has brought Finland nine Olympic gold medals, five world championships, five European championships, and 24 world records.

Finland is also one of the most successful nations in bandy , being the only nation beside Russia and Sweden to win a Bandy World Championship.

The Summer Olympics were held in Helsinki. Other notable sporting events held in Finland include the and World Championships in Athletics.

Finland also has a notable history in figure skating. Finnish skaters have won 8 world championships and 13 junior world cups in synchronized skating, and Finland is considered one of the best countries at the sport.

Some of the most popular recreational sports and activities include floorball , Nordic walking , running, cycling, and skiing alpine skiing , cross-country skiing , and ski jumping.

Floorball, in terms of registered players, occupies third place after football and ice hockey. According to the Finnish Floorball Federation, floorball is the most popular school, youth, club and workplace sport.

More than 8, Finns travelled to Spain to support their team. Overall, they chartered more than 40 airplanes. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 30 October This article is about the European country.

For other uses, see Finland disambiguation. Nordic country on the Baltic Sea. Show globe. Show map of Europe. Finnish Finn. Main article: History of Finland.

Main article: Finland under Swedish rule. Main article: Grand Duchy of Finland. See also: Finland's language strife and Russification of Finland.

Main article: Geography of Finland. Main articles: Fauna of Finland and Wildlife of Finland. Main article: Climate of Finland.

Main article: Regions of Finland. North Ostrobothnia. North Karelia. Northern Savonia. Southern Savonia. South Ostrobothnia.

Central Ostrobothnia. Central Finland. Southwest Finland. South Karelia. Päijänne Tavastia. Tavastia Proper. Main article: Politics of Finland.

See also: List of political parties in Finland and Human rights in Finland. Main article: President of Finland. Main article: Parliament of Finland.

Main articles: Law of Finland and Judicial system of Finland. Main article: Human rights in Finland. Main article: Foreign relations of Finland. Main article: Social security in Finland.

See also: List of wars involving Finland. Main article: Economy of Finland. Main article: Transport in Finland. A VR Class Sr2 locomotive. Three VR Class Sr3 locomotives.

The state-owned VR operates a railway network serving all major cities in Finland. See also: Nordic model. Main article: Tourism in Finland.

Main article: Demographics of Finland. Other European 4. Asian 2. African 0. Other 0. Main article: Religion in Finland. Orthodox Church 1.

Other Christian 0. Other religions 0. Unaffiliated Main article: Healthcare in Finland. Main article: Education in Finland.

See also: List of universities in Finland and List of schools in Finland. Main article: Culture of Finland. Main article: Finnish literature.

See also: Architecture of Finland and Art in Finland. Main articles: Cinema of Finland and Television in Finland.

See also: Lists of Finnish films. See also: Telecommunications in Finland and List of newspapers in Finland. Main article: Finnish cuisine.

Main articles: Public holidays in Finland and Flag days in Finland. Main article: Sport in Finland. Finland portal. Legislation recognises only the short name.

See Geonames. Scandinavian Political Studies. According to the Finnish Constitution, the president has no possibility to rule the government without the ministerial approval, and does not have the power to dissolve the parliament under his or her own desire.

Finland is actually represented by its prime minister, and not by its president, in the Council of the Heads of State and Government of the European Union.

The constitutional amendments reduced the powers of the president even further. Retrieved 11 October Statistics Finland.

Retrieved 1 June Retrieved 27 March United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 10 December Institute for the Languages of Finland.

Suomen Kuntaliitto. Retrieved 6 May The New York Times. Retrieved 20 September Retrieved 12 August Muinaisuutemme jäljet.

Helsinki: Gaudeamus. Archived from the original on 6 December New Zealand was the first country in the world to grant all adult citizens the right to vote, in But women did not get the right to run for the New Zealand legislature, until International Monetary Fund.

Retrieved 17 April Archived from the original on 30 October OECD iLibrary. Archived from the original on 30 April Retrieved 6 March Archived from the original on 14 October Archived from the original on 29 October Retrieved 4 February World Economic Forum.

Retrieved 15 May Archived from the original on 4 February Retrieved 27 November Retrieved 31 March Retrieved 30 April Retrieved 22 January Academia, Inc.

Retrieved 6 September Although he initially composed it for orchestra, in Sibelius arranged the work for solo piano. Sibelius later reworked the Finlandia Hymn into a stand-alone piece.

This hymn, with words written in by Veikko Antero Koskenniemi , is one of the most important national songs of Finland. Today, during modern performances of the full-length Finlandia , a choir is sometimes involved, singing the Finnish lyrics with the hymn section.

The Tone Poem is scored for large orchestra, [9] consisting of the following:. Similarly to the Karelia Suite , the original Press Celebrations Music suite was never originally released under Sibelius' supervision, but after almost 99 years with the sheet music untouched, the suite was reconstructed and released on two different CDs, the first one by the Tampere Philharmonic Orchestra in , conducted by Tuomas Ollila, [10] and the second by the Lahti Symphony Orchestra in , conducted by Osmo Vänskä.

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